The doctrines of the classical school were probably too much discreditedto provide a possible basis of reconstruction for those who were still interested in problems of theory. But there were elements inthe writings of the German economists of the first half of the century which contained the germs for a possible new development.1 One ofthe reasons why the classical doctrines had never firmly established themselves in Germany was that German economists had always remained conscious of certain ontradictions inherent in any cost or, labour theory of value. Owing, perhaps, partly to the influence ofCondillac and other French and Italian authors of the eighteenth century a tradition had been kept alive which refused to separate value entirely from utility. From the early years of the century into the ‘fifties and ‘sixties a succession of writers, of whom Hermann was probably the outstanding and most influential figure (the wholly successful Gossen remaining unnoticed), tried to combine the ideas of utility and scarcity into an explanation of value, often coming very near to the solution provided by Menger. It is to these speculations, which to the more practical minds of the contemporary English conomists must have appeared useless excursions into philosophy, that Menger owed most. A glance through the extensive footnotes in his Grundsätze, or the author’s index which has been added to the Present edition, will show how extraordinarily wide a knowledge he possessed of these German authors and also of the French and Italian writers, and how small a role the writers of the classical English school
plays in comparison. Read the rest of this entry »
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The history of economics is full of tales of forgotten forerunners, men whose work had no effect and was only rediscovered after their main ideas had been made popular by others, of remarkable coincidences of simultaneous discoveries, and of the peculiar fateof individual books. But there must be few instances, in economics or any other branch of knowledge, where the works of an author who revolutionised the body of an already well-developed science and who has been generally recognised to have done so, have remained so little known as those of Carl Menger. It is difficult to think of a parallel case where a work such as the Grundsätze has exercised a lasting and persistent influence but has yet, as a result of purely accidental circumstances, had so extremely restricted a circulation.
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As this manual draws to a close, I’d like to share with you on how you can pass on your legacy and wisdom of managing your finances, and it’s none other than:
Teach Your Children Well
It’s a tough old world out there and the sooner you start teaching your child about personal financial responsibility the better. Children can learn the basics about money at a very early age.
Start when your child is about 3 years old. Take him or her to the grocery store and explain that the money you and your spouse earn while you are away working is what pays for the food that you are buying. Give the child a small amount of money, let him choose something he wants and pay for it
himself.
Begin giving her a small weekly allowance when she 6 or 7 years old. Get her a piggy bank and teach her to save first, spend second…and then wisely. Give her small chores that she can easily manage and attach doing the chores to receiving the allowance. In other words, help her come to the obvious
conclusion that work equals income. Do not hesitate to withhold the allowance if the chores are not done and let her suffer the consequences. Don’t provide him with the ice cream cone that she would have bought with her allowance had she done the work.
Pick a date, such as his birthday, to increase his allowance and the chores required of him.
By the time he is 12 to 14 begin encouraging him to earn extra money by getting some jobs on his own…such as mowing the neighbors lawn and, also, encourage him to save for things he would consider long term goals such as buying a car.
A part-time job should be considered by the time she is 16. Be sure it’s not one that will interfere with her school work.
After she graduates high school and is ready to start college, get her a prepaid credit card. Explain that you can add money to it as required but, also, explain that you will be able to see exactly how the money is being spent and there are limits.
In Closing
Here we are finally at the end of this exciting personal finance guide! I trust you now have what it takes to be in command of your money and stretch every dollar you have effectively.
Having said that, all the best in living a happier life with money working for you!
Taken From : Solving the Money Puzzle, Personal Finance Made Simple
The economy is tough right now, to say the least. We almost hate to open our mutual fund statements or go online to check the current value of our stocks and bonds because they seem to be headed straight down.
There is one asset, however, that may be worth more than you think it is and that is your life insurance policy.
A life insurance policy is an asset that can be turned into cash. There is now a secondary life insurance market in today’s marketplace. Institutionally funded provider companies purchase policies from seniors that they no longer want or need.
We, as seniors, can go through what is called a “life settlement valuation” to determine the value of our policies.
This is not for everyone but it could be right for you. A life settlement only works if the insured person is 65 years old or older and the minimum face value of the policy is $100,000.00 … and some
companies will only purchase policies with face values of $250,000.00.
Men who are 75 and women who are 78 and own policies with face values of one to 10 million dollars are more likely to get solid purchase offers. You will need to verify that the policies are in effect, assess the reasons why the policies were purchased and then decide if the reasons are still valid, hire
a licensed life settlement broker and then evaluate the offers that are received.
This whole process usually takes 4 to 12 weeks depending upon the complexity of the policy and medical history of the insured. It takes all of 30 minutes to complete the forms and about an hour to be educated to be able to convert this previously overlooked asset into cash. That might be an hour and a hold well spent.
Taken From : Solving the Money Puzzle, Personal Finance Made Simple
Retirement may be a long way off for you – or it might be right around the corner. No matter how near or far it is, you’ve absolutely got to start saving for it now. However, saving for retirement isn’t what it used to be with the increase in cost of living and the instability of social security. You have to invest for your retirement, as opposed to saving for it!
Let’s start by taking a look at the retirement plan offered by your company. Once upon a time, these plans were quite sound. However, after the Enron upset and all that followed, people aren’t as secure in their company retirement plans anymore. If you choose not to invest in your company’s retirement plan, you do have other options.
First, you can invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. (This topic has been discussed in detail in another chapter.)
You do not have to state to anybody that the returns on these investments are to be used for retirement. Just simply let your money grow overtime, and when certain investments reach their maturity, reinvest them and continue to let your money grow.
You can also open an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). IRA’s are quite popular because the money is not taxed until you withdraw the funds. You may also be able to deduct your IRA contributions from the taxes that you owe. An IRA can be opened at most banks.
A ROTH IRA is a newer type of retirement account. With a Roth, you pay taxes on the money that you are investing in your account, but when you cash out, no federal taxes are owed. Roth IRA’s can also be opened at a financial institution.
Another popular type of retirement account is the 401(k). 401(k’s) are typically offered through employers, but you may be able to open a 401(k) on your own. You should speak with a financial planner or accountant to help you with this. The Keogh plan is another type of IRA that is suitable for self employed people. Self-employed small business owners may also be interested in Simplified Employee Pension Plans (SEP). This is another type of Keogh plan that people typically find easier to administer than a regular Keogh plan.
Whichever retirement investment you choose, just make sure you choose one! Again, do not depend on social security, company retirement plans, or even an inheritance that may or may not come through! Take care of your financial future by investing in it today.
Taken From : Solving the Money Puzzle, Personal Finance Made Simple
Planning for your retirement is an important part of your overall financial plan. Americans are living longer and longer yet saving less and less every year for those retirement years. It’s hard to think about reaching retirement age when you still have a growing family that has growing needs and you
are watching the costs of sending them to college going up and up with no end in sight but you must think and plan for those retirement years starting now.
First you must determine what your income needs will be once you retire and enter your “Golden Years”. Could it be 50% of what your income is now…or 75%? What expenses will continue and which ones will be reduced or eliminated entirely? Do you know?
It might seem ridiculous to go to a professional financial planner while you are still in your 30’s and it’s taking most of your income to just meet the monthly bills but you would be very wise to do that very thing. You need to make investments now to insure a secure financial future for you and your
family. It isn’t too early; don’t let it become too late.
Your assets need to be diversified. Allocate your assets among cash reserves, bonds, annuities and stocks. Build a guaranteed income into your portfolio. Each person’s situation is different.
Protect your assets with insurance. You, of course, must have health insurance, life insurance and your home needs to be insured, too, but you might, also, consider long term medical care insurance. If you buy into a long term care insurance plan at an early age, your premiums will be very low and your coverage will protect your assets when or if the time comes you need it.
Taken From : Solving the Money Puzzle, Personal Finance Made Simple
